Did ancient egypt have crucifiction?

[Aractus]

What I meant is you said the Biblical scholars want to have it so that their story of Joseph (I assume that is what you mean about going back to that period) thought of it in the Middle Kingdom (maybe some do, I don't really know about their assertions and think it would be off since the Egyptians were too strong during the Kingdom eras), but from what I studied, if there ever was a presence of the ancestors of Israel in Egypt of a meaningful extent, it would have come from the Second Intermediate Period when the Hyksos invaded Lower Egypt since I doubt Egypt would have tolerated them migrating into their country at any other time, getting stuck when the Egyptians retook their empire.

Most people look for the Exodus around 1450-1250 BC (18th Dynasty/19th Dynasty), after the Second Intermediate Period, but as you well know there is a complete lack of corroborating historical evidence from that period. People generally reach 1450 by taking the date in 1 Kings 6:1. However, names and numbers (especially numbers) in the OT can not be relied upon 100%. An error in transmission easily changes 1450 to 2450, for instance.

In saying that, consider the following verses. Exodus 1:8 "Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph." Ex 2:5: "Now the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, while her young women walked beside the river. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her servant woman, and she took it." Ex 2:23 "During those many days the king of Egypt died, and the people of Israel groaned because of their slavery and cried out for help. Their cry for rescue from slavery came up to God." Ex "Now Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old, when they spoke to Pharaoh."

Moses is born, adopted by the king's daughter, when he 80 the king dies, and then he meets the new king. And to top it all off, that new king drowns in the Red Sea: Ex 14:6-7 (the King himself pursues the Israelites) "So [Pharaoh] made ready his chariot and took his army with him, and took six hundred chosen chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them." Ex 14:28 "The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh that had followed them into the sea, not one of them remained."

So we have the interesting situation where Moses is adopted when he is just 3 months old by the king's daughter, and then the king dies and a new king rules when he is 80 years old! What a reign, and more importantly, the first king had to have been old enough to 1. have a daughter, and 2. reign for at least 80 years. The second king had to have reigned for maybe a year at the most and then drowned in the Red Sea!

Pepi II is the only known king of egypt to reign for at least 80 years, and incredibly he reigned for 94 years and died when he was 100! Let me emphasize again the word "known", because the truth is that we do not know how long a lot of the Egyptian king's ruled for. Pepi II's "94 year" figure is recorded by two seemingly independent sources, hence why it is generally accepted. His reign was sometime c. 2300-2100 BC, and it coincides with the decline of the Old Kingdom which is what one would expect if tens of thousands (/hundreds of thousands) of slaves up and left all at one time. Merenre Nemtyemsaf II was the succussing king of Egypt and reigned for just 1 year (or less)! Exactly what would be expected if the Exodus had occurred then.

Pepi II then would have had to have been 20 when his daughter adopts Moses, this is perfectly plausible since the account in the Bible is completely consistent with the daughter being "too young" to immediately raise the child herself, instead having a servant/slave do the duties: Ex 2:9-10: "And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, 'Take this child away and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.' So the woman took the child and nursed him. When the child grew older, she brought him to Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, 'Because,' she said, 'I drew him out of the water.'"

So they fit together very well for this time period. Now this isn't to say 100% that the Exodus didn't happen 1450 BC, and one day no doubt we may discover other kings who ruled for at least 80 years. But with the facts fitting together so well - long reign, short reign, economic depression (end of old kingdom), it's difficult to ignore this period as being when the Exodus might have occurred. Especially when we consider the fact that we do not have any firm understanding of why the old kingdom ended into depression so.