Yes, all emergent properties have a cause - it just may take a supercomputer to partially model it.
But chaos prevents us from knowing exactly how the emergent properties will behave, from only looking at the reductive elements.
As for free-will, it could both be deterministic and categorically impossible to model -- and that is because "will" is a complex emergent phenomenon involving re-entrant processing and a lifetime of memories and neural network.
But chaos prevents us from knowing exactly how the emergent properties will behave, from only looking at the reductive elements.
As for free-will, it could both be deterministic and categorically impossible to model -- and that is because "will" is a complex emergent phenomenon involving re-entrant processing and a lifetime of memories and neural network.