Refuting Evolution

[Angrboda]

dog breeds are just like human races. german sherperds, pitbulls, chiauhauas and yorkshire terriers are all the same species, just as blacks and whites comprise the same species with minimal genetic difference. how is that evolution?

yes, mutations over time enable organisms to exploit niches.

Close. Evolution basically means change over time. The theory of evolution postulates that this occurs because of small changes shaped by natural selection. Darwin observed that the breeding of domestic animals like dogs and cows used artificial selection, the intentional selection of specific genetic stock in breeding and used it as as an analogy for natural selection, which was the unintentional selection of specific genetic stock as a result of differential reproductive fitness (relative to specific environments). Thus artificial selection is an analogue of natural selection. (You should note that the difference is largely one of name only, as humans are a natural part of the environment as well. For example, there is a crab in Japanese waters whose back or carapace resembles the face of a man. It is hypothesized that those crabs whose backs looked more man-like were thrown back more often than those that were less man-like. Over time, this allowed those that were more man-like to proliferate at the expense of their lesser kin, resulting in the man-like appearance predominating. Thus while the effect was unintentional, the selection was done by humans.)

(The first chapter of Darwin's Origin Of Species is titled .)