Medieval Christian misogyny shapes how we judge women today, says scholar
“Many of the ideas that govern how we perceive women’s appearance today have their roots in the middle ages,” said Cambridge scholar Alexandra Zhirnova who is giving her talk on 23 March as part of the Cambridge Festival – a showcase of the research under way at the university.
Zhirnova’s PhD thesis shines a spotlight on the misogynistic attitudes of medieval Christian men towards women’s makeup, clothing and adornments.
“One of the fundamental teachings in Christianity is the need to turn away from materialistic values and focus on spiritual things. But when Christianity becomes integrated into the patriarchal society of late antiquity and the early middle ages, the idea is used as a means of social control over women.”
She thinks many early Christian male writers seemed to fear that women could excite a man’s lust using makeup and artfulness: “Women who have this power over men can control them and disrupt the male order of the world.”
Many “very influential” writers of the early church, such as Saint Jerome, Saint Ambrose and Saint Augustine, wrote letters and made speeches denouncing women who wore makeup and fine clothing as akin to “prostitutes”, while praising “respectable” women who did not. Yet if, as the Bible suggests, God sees beauty in one’s “inner self”, not “outward adornments”, then it should not matter what a Christian woman wears.
Zhirnova said: “These writers try to use this principle that ‘beauty should be within’ to say enhancements to a woman’s appearance should not be allowed. Women are perceived as ‘dangerous’ visually, to men.”
One of the first Christian authors to object was Tertullian, a Roman born around AD160. Other patristics – “fathers” of the early church – were persuaded by his theory that women who wore makeup were unnatural and even diabolical. Zhirnova added: “He’s thinking about it in terms of creation. So, God did not make eyeliner, therefore you should not use it. He has this hilarious argument, which is: if God wanted us to have purple wool, he would have given us purple sheep.”
https://www.theguardian.com/education/20...ys-scholar
teachings of the Bible are so muddled and self-contradictory that it was possible for Christians to happily burn heretics alive for five long centuries. It was even possible for the most venerated patriarchs of the Church, like St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, to conclude that heretics should be tortured (Augustine) or killed outright (Aquinas). Martin Luther and John Calvin advocated the wholesale murder of heretics, apostates, Jews, and witches. - Sam Harris, "Letter To A Christian Nation"