All of them. Every single ethical system is an idea about how society should be constructed and how one should live one’s life. None of them -require- a metaethical commitment for utilitarian value because in addition to having edge cases they could all be gettier cases. Coincidentally useful, not based on their explicit claims or propositions. For example, authoritarian deontology could be a utilitarian good not because whatever the authority says actually is good (or the authority even exists) or because it actually will lead to the best outcomes…. but because, lacking a singular and “true” authority or the broad agreement of the society in questions members….knocking on heads and sticking to -any- sort of rules whatsoever provides some measure of stability, reliability, and predictability. To use the example of incarceration. Prisoners may be treated poorly and we may be encouraged or conditioned to accept this not for anything that’s true anbout a given prisoner or prisoners ans a whole…- but because it makes running prisons easier. That’s more or less compelling depending on how many people you plan to capture or incarcerate, obvs. Here in the us the answer is “a lot”.
I am the Infantry. I am my country’s strength in war, her deterrent in peace. I am the heart of the fight… wherever, whenever. I carry America’s faith and honor against her enemies. I am the Queen of Battle. I am what my country expects me to be, the best trained Soldier in the world. In the race for victory, I am swift, determined, and courageous, armed with a fierce will to win. Never will I fail my country’s trust. Always I fight on…through the foe, to the objective, to triumph overall. If necessary, I will fight to my death. By my steadfast courage, I have won more than 200 years of freedom. I yield not to weakness, to hunger, to cowardice, to fatigue, to superior odds, For I am mentally tough, physically strong, and morally straight. I forsake not, my country, my mission, my comrades, my sacred duty. I am relentless. I am always there, now and forever. I AM THE INFANTRY! FOLLOW ME!
