Objectivism

[genkaus]

I recently watched one of the worst movies I have seen in some time: Atlas Shrugged. It was the new version created and marketed towards the Tea Party crowd. It did get me thinking about Ayn Rand's philosophy, Objectivism, and its popularity within the right wing. I have heard her referred to as the "Karl Marx of the Tea Party."

I did not find the movie to be too bad. However, I do see that it did not do justice to the book.

Objectivism can be broken into few categories according to the claims it makes regarding the world and human beings. I won't bore you with the metaphysics which serves as the grounding for her claims about perception. I am mainly interested in discussing her philosophy as it relates to contemporary political and social philosophy. The important claims are roughly as follows:

You should go into her metaphysics and epistemology. The justifications for the other fields are found in those.

Ethics: Rational Egoism. In terms of their action humans are bound ethically by rational self interest. In other words they are compelled to act in such a way that maximizes their own benefit. Egoism is a form of consequentialist ethics in that only the result matters. If an action maximized benefit to the person committing the action then it was "ethical". Rand rejected especially altruism and cites it's detrimental effects on society. In John Galt's words "I swear—by my life and my love of it—that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine." Embodies in the "Hero" ideal are values of extreme individualism and self-determination. This ethical foundation provides the basis for her political and social philosophy.

Politics: Laissez-faire Capitalism. Rand believed that government should be extremely limited to the function of protecting the rights of self-determination for each individual. This is primarily upheld through the use of civil law and through "negative" protection by the police and military (negative in the sense that they do not compell citizens to act in a certain way but instead merely protect others from criminals and foreign threats) Economically Rand argues that laissez-faire capitalism is the only economic system that promotes individual freedom in a way that fosters a dynamic society in which the "best" among us can rationally pursue their own interests and be utterly responsible for their own success and happiness. Rand believed that as a byproduct of these pursuits society would prosper on both a personal and national level.

More or less correct.

Now this all strikes me as inherently similar to the Libertarian view of government and it's role in protecting freedom as opposed to compelling action. Overall, the philosophy is practically a negative image of Marxism in it's rejections of collectivism and altruism. My thought is the Tea Partiers like it so much because it provides the ideological basis for unregulated pursuit of capital within the marketplace. Rand believed that the masses were parasitic upon the talents and intelligence of the few, mostly identified as captains of industry and commerce. The uber-rich and powerful who direct society by pursuing their own self-interest which then "trickles down" to the rest of society. Marx argued exactly the opposite, that the few were parasitic off of the value producing labor of the many, who were then alienated from the products of their labor, and those who owned the means of production "stole" the profit produced by the workers alienated labor.

Yes, this is how her views are commonly mischaracterized. Rand did not differentiate between the uber-rich and the masses - she differentiated between the productive and the parasites. If you actually read her books, you'd see that she gave ample examples of the productive from all classes as she did of the parasites. A point that was most gravely missing from the movie. For example, in Dagny's railroad, any worker from a managerial position to the railroad track who believed in doing his work as best he could was shown as a valued employee. Similarly, the workers at Rearden mills stood with him till the end. On the other hand, there were many among the uber-rich who made their money through government regulations and other such methods while claiming to be altruistic.

Here's how Rand viewed the masses - or rather, any common man, since she didn't agree with the idea of one characterisitc being blindly applied to the whole group. She viewed man as a creature with tendency to be rational and the desire to live. And she believed that given these two qualities together, men would be naturally given to be productive - irrespective of the scale - and would only deal with each-other freely and voluntarily. She also believed that quite a few of aberrant philosophies - propagated by men who wanted to enslave others - have led the masses astray. People have been taught that their nature is sinful (Christianity) and the justification they could give for living was to live for someone else (altruism). According to her, almost all of the world has accepted this vacuous ethical doctrine as a given and once they do, it doesn't matter if they are uber-rich or a laborer, their lives are going to be miserable.

The uber-rich in her story are not heroes because they happened to be captains of industry or simply because of their intellect (though that did play a part). They were heroes because they asked the important question of "why" and upon getting no answer, said, "Screw that". According to her, it takes extraordinary minds to break free of the societal conditioning and such extraordinary minds would be the captains of industry.

In a nutshell, my inclination is that the right loves Ayn Rand because she provide the ideological basis for them being greedy and pursuing profit without regulation. It utterly justifies the use of business to pursue its own ends self-interestedly without regard for people, evironment, or ethics (non-egoist ethics).

You wanna guess what Ayn Rand would've thought of the right wing? You don't have to. She despised them. She repeatedly insisted that her political stand should not be accepted and could not be justified without first accepting the other parts of her philosophy - parts that also made her an atheist, pro-choice, anti-religion, pro-homosexual marriage and probably a non-interventionalist (though I often find her views on foreign policy to be inconsistent with the rest of her philosophy). So, trust me on this. If Rand was alive today and knew how her philosophy was being used to propagate the right-wing agenda - she'd be the first in line to condemn them. Knowing her, I guess she'd claim her philosophy as her intellectual property and sue the tea-baggers for its corrupted use.

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I suppose what is shocking to me is that Rand's philosophy has been adopted by a right wing political group who uses Objectivism as one of it's foundational ideologies. Especially on a traditionally anti-intellectual wing of the American political spectrum.

Another dissonance with this particular party is that they are overwhelming Christian but Rand was an outspoken atheist. She lumped government and religion into the same category as agents that limit the individualism and self-determination she viewed as neccessary to personal freedom.

As you said, your right-wing isn't known to be very intellectual. I guess they just saw the words "capitalism" and "good" and decided to adopt it. What I find more interesting is that her philosophy is much more popular among the middle-class, the people you might refer to as the masses. The very people - as her critics claim - she wrote against.

And your statement about Rand's view about religion is too kind. Rand thought that an over-reaching government was bad, but the government itself was necessary. Religion, on the other hand, had to go. She didn't just see it as a roadblock to individual freedom, she saw it as something that insulted and degraded the very concept of being a man.