All those barriers are erected by proponents of OOA.
The multi-regionalists dismiss them.
The idea of Toba, as I understand it, is that the explosion and subsequent nuclear winter eliminated all HSS outside of East Africa...and reduced those to about 3000 people. The problem is that it was a highly specific disaster as other species didn't seem to notice that they were being wiped out.
In that respect, it is a lot like Noah's Flood. The Egyptians kept right on building pyramids in spite of the fact that Ark-eologists shriek that they were all drowned.
The multi-regionalists dismiss them.
The idea of Toba, as I understand it, is that the explosion and subsequent nuclear winter eliminated all HSS outside of East Africa...and reduced those to about 3000 people. The problem is that it was a highly specific disaster as other species didn't seem to notice that they were being wiped out.
In that respect, it is a lot like Noah's Flood. The Egyptians kept right on building pyramids in spite of the fact that Ark-eologists shriek that they were all drowned.