Theories about Jesus?

[Mystical]

I got asked this question today: if the Psalms were written a thousand years before Jesus came, how is it possible they described Jesus?

Does anyone know if there's non Biblical proof for a Jesus being born? Much less his life and death?

How exactly did the Psalms describe Jesus?

I'd like something more tangible than "a self-fulfilling prophecy".
Psalms were described to me as being written a thousands years prior to the birth of the Messiah being born in Galilee, at a certain astrological cycle, with surrounding events such as Herod's killing of all the jewish babies and such, then the death of Jesus also described and him only doing one thing to self fulfill that prophecy which was to drink wine during his death sentence. I was also told that there were tangible earth events (such as earthquakes and solar eclipses) and the Shroud of Turin being shredded in half-- that accompanied Jesus' death.

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1. Is ANY of this verifiable through an outside source?
2. Are there records of this Jesus existing?

I thought the answer to those was no