How flexible is the principle of causality?

[Mudhammam]

Well, from the perspective of us living life in the universe, what's the difference whether it's "truly" random, or apparently random because some inter-dimensional hidden variable is manifesting in ways that are intrinsically obscure to us?

I'm not exactly what to conjure up by "inter-dimensional hidden variable" but... I think I take your point. I suppose a real difference could exist, perhaps analogous to color vision or our electrochemical perception of time, which took our species considerable effort and time before we discovered that these weren't innate properties of the external world. Could we discover something similar to laws of nature that are ontologically different than our current models? I'm sure it's theoretically possible but I have no idea what to say from there.

And what does randomness mean in this regard? Since you presumably have no control over the random elements of the universe, you are simply waiting to see how life turns out, EVEN WHEN you feel like an active participant. Whether there are theoretical "other" possible outcomes makes no difference if you are not the one determining which outcome manifests.

I suppose this level of randomness would be something on the quantum level but sure, we could never really measure it because unless I'm incorrect, that would violate the uncertainty principle. I guess my question from there would be, if macroscopic objects behave differently at the microscopic scale, at some point in the past (the Big Bang?), was the future entirely undetermined by the random processes of quantum...fluctuations? Where does that leave us in terms of the law of causality in Newtonian physics though? Did that law in nature itself come about through "undetermined" means?