While it may well be the case that the earlier mathematicians in the Muslim world were 'conquered people', it was definitely NOT the case later on.
So, al-Kwarizmi was almost certainly a 'conquered person'; his name suggests where he lived (central asia).
But, al-Samawal (who worked with polynomials) and al-Kashi (who was an excellent mathematician) would have been thoroughly part of the Islamic culture of their times. Similarly for Umar Kayyami (Omar Kayyam), author of the Rubiyyat and one of the first investigators of cubic equations.
We can go a bit further. Spherical geometry was stimulated by the desire to establish the direction of the qibla (to Mecca) from distant places. A fair amount of early algebra was devoted to working through the rules in the inheritance laws.
BTW, are people aware that the notion of a 'number line' was invented around 1000 AD in Baghdad?
So, al-Kwarizmi was almost certainly a 'conquered person'; his name suggests where he lived (central asia).
But, al-Samawal (who worked with polynomials) and al-Kashi (who was an excellent mathematician) would have been thoroughly part of the Islamic culture of their times. Similarly for Umar Kayyami (Omar Kayyam), author of the Rubiyyat and one of the first investigators of cubic equations.
We can go a bit further. Spherical geometry was stimulated by the desire to establish the direction of the qibla (to Mecca) from distant places. A fair amount of early algebra was devoted to working through the rules in the inheritance laws.
BTW, are people aware that the notion of a 'number line' was invented around 1000 AD in Baghdad?
