(March 17, 2022 at 12:46 pm)Anomalocaris Wrote: fundamentally, how much evolution a population underwent during a given period of time is determined by how many opportunities there had been for new gene combination to arise through sexual reproduction and through mutation, and then be either picked or rejected by natural selection. This means how much evolution a population experienced over a period of time is a direct function of how many generations are encompassed by that period of time.
if two populations underwent different number of generations over the same period of time, but there is significant gene flow between them, then that tend to equilibrate the effective amount of genetic change and despite the difference in generation count.
to the best of our ability to tell, the number of generations different populations of modern humans experienced since the very first group of modern humans began to emigrate from ancestral human homeland in africa is broadly the same, so all modern humans have evolved broadly the same amount. furthermore, there is evidence if significant gene flow between different populations, which tend to further even out the effects any minor difference in generation count.
certainly individual populations acquired specific characters in response to strong selective pressure imposed by their local environment. but that means individual population evolved differently, not evolved more or less.
I've come to doubt that line of reasoning. As a practical matter, genetic mutations accumulate at the same rate, regardless of generational cycle. Thus species with short reproductive cycles would have more progeny than their slower brethren, but evolutionary changes between generations would be smaller. To my thinking, its the size of the gene pool that matters, not the length of the reproductive cycle.
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