While atheism itself has nothing whatsoever to do with science, atheism and scientific understanding do tend to go hand-in-hand. First, though, atheism has no connection whatsoever to science. Atheists can be vaccine deniers, climate change deniers, even evolution deniers. Atheism is not, itself, scientific. No stance on the supernatural is because science is the study of the natural. The supernatural, by definition, is that which we have no data on; that which is not part of the natural world.
That being said, there is a direct correlation between education and atheism. More educated people tend to be more liberal and less religious. There has been study after study showing this. I have several articles bookmarked on the subject. Atheists are more intelligent than religious people, Liberals and atheists smarter?, How Critical Thinkers Lose Their Faith in God, there's even a Wikipedia page on Religiosity and intelligence.
So atheists tend to be smarter, or smarter people tend to be atheists, however you want to look at it. Atheists tend to accept the scientific view more. We have no views, after all, which are particularly negatively affected by scientific discoveries. While it is possible for an atheist to be an evolution denier, it is far, far less likely than, say, a fundamentalist Christian. So it's not that atheism is inherently "scientific" so much as it is that smarter people, people with an interest in science, tend to be atheists.
And this perhaps wouldn't be so obvious in our society if there were no Christian agenda to get religion into the schools, something which infuriates most serious atheists. Intelligent design seeks to do this by masking their religious teachings as science. And thus the idea is born that religion is anti-science (even the Catholic Church, which accepts most science, has, in my lifetime, denied condom science when Pope Satan was in charge). So of course atheists take the opposite stance when religious organizations try to hijack science. Of course we cling to real science like it is important to us, not to mention that for many of us, it is.
I haven't looked into the history of atheism and science at all, and I wasn't even an atheist (at least not a serious atheist) when intelligent design first began its assault on the intelligence of America, but it seems to me like religion masquerading as science to teach my kids stupid shit, like we all just "poofed" into existence one literal day, would be a very good reason for me to side with real science, to cling to it, to defend it. I really have no idea, but it seems to me like it's at least possible that this connection between atheism and science may actually be the result of young earth creationist attempts to hijack science. It is very possible this connection we have with science is a result of the ineptly named Discovery Institute attempting to render science completely useless and fling us into a new dark age where "magic" is the answer to tough problems. To me, that's a very good reason to learn all I can about science in general, to defend it, to trust it and to make it part of who I am.
I've always had an interest in science, but it wasn't until I started hearing logical arguments and scientifically ignorant people misusing what little they know to "prove" their magical ideas that I really got an interest in science, specifically in understanding the sciences they tell me are wrong. Let's face it, Christians lie, all the time. They usually don't know it, or at least don't let themselves know it (except for Jehovah's Witness printed materials. There is no possible way they don't KNOW they are being purposely deceitful), but they tell me things which are blatantly false all the time. My JW friend tells me constantly that the science isn't settled on evolution, that there's a huge debate among scientists right now over whether it's real or not, that many, many scientists want to speak out against it, but there's a huge conspiracy to silence them. If they speak up they will be drummed out of science. None of that is true. I have proved it to him repeatedly. He still keeps telling me it's true. I feel that I need to know a lot about science to even talk to most Christians I know because they are going to be lying to me about science and I need to know enough about it to spot the lies.
So, for me anyway, Christianity made me cling to science and, yes, I do tend to kind of relate it to atheism in my head. "There are no gods" is certainly the more scientific view. There is no evidence to suggest it's true, there is no data to be collected, that is likely because there is nothing to the claims. But it is the supernatural and, thus, inherently not within the realm of scientific inquiry. There are religious scientists. There are religious biologists who wholeheartedly support evolution and there are surely atheists who do not. So while my religious views have nothing whatsoever to do with science the two have become intertwined, not because scientific understanding made me atheist or atheism is the scientific stance, but because I need to know a lot about science to defend my religious views against those who would give me false information in order to confuse me into accepting their religious views. I also tend to look for an ulterior motive whenever a Christian asks me to agree with something which seems innocent enough, because it's usually a trick. An example my JW friend gave me when trying to convince me that we were in the end times, "Wouldn't you agree that the weapons we have today are more powerful than anything throughout history?" The year was, I think, 2014 and my answer was "Yes", but then I thought about it. If the year had been 1702 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 1287 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 973 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 2115 BC my answer would have been "Yes". The answer to that question is ALWAYS "Yes". It will be "Yes" in the year 2525, and again in the year 3712, and again in the year 6314.
The point is, I have to think and think hard when talking to a Christian, especially those of particularly deceptive religions such as the Jehovah's Witness religion. I have to know a lot of things. They are actually trained in deception and psychology, not that they realize that. They think they're just being trained to "answer questions" when in reality they are being trained to trick and deceive. They will ask you on the spot to name a transitional fossil, and you had better have an answer right then and there or an entire lecture starts about how you "put your faith in science", thus beginning the conversation with the evil villain which starts out, "We're not so different, you and I" as he tries to talk you into joining the dark side. If I don't know something when he brings it up then he sounds reasonable because they are trained deceivers who are, themselves, deceived. You can't spot a lie when the liar doesn't know he's lying unless you know the truth already.
To to answer the OP directly, atheism and science really have no correlation, but if I, as an atheist, don't know a LOT about science when talking with the general Christian who is trying to convert me I am going to "learn" things which aren't true and possibly be deceived into abandoning reality for fantasy. So I learn science and I love science. It's not that science is in any way related to atheism, it's that Christianity is synonymous with "bad science" which Christians actively push, doing real damage to the intelligence of our society. Science and atheism aren't the same thing, but without a single exception I can think of right now, belief systems (whether they be religious, economic or political) and bad science are very much the same thing. If I relate belief to bad science it's only natural that I would relate lack of belief to "real" science.
That being said, there is a direct correlation between education and atheism. More educated people tend to be more liberal and less religious. There has been study after study showing this. I have several articles bookmarked on the subject. Atheists are more intelligent than religious people, Liberals and atheists smarter?, How Critical Thinkers Lose Their Faith in God, there's even a Wikipedia page on Religiosity and intelligence.
So atheists tend to be smarter, or smarter people tend to be atheists, however you want to look at it. Atheists tend to accept the scientific view more. We have no views, after all, which are particularly negatively affected by scientific discoveries. While it is possible for an atheist to be an evolution denier, it is far, far less likely than, say, a fundamentalist Christian. So it's not that atheism is inherently "scientific" so much as it is that smarter people, people with an interest in science, tend to be atheists.
And this perhaps wouldn't be so obvious in our society if there were no Christian agenda to get religion into the schools, something which infuriates most serious atheists. Intelligent design seeks to do this by masking their religious teachings as science. And thus the idea is born that religion is anti-science (even the Catholic Church, which accepts most science, has, in my lifetime, denied condom science when Pope Satan was in charge). So of course atheists take the opposite stance when religious organizations try to hijack science. Of course we cling to real science like it is important to us, not to mention that for many of us, it is.
I haven't looked into the history of atheism and science at all, and I wasn't even an atheist (at least not a serious atheist) when intelligent design first began its assault on the intelligence of America, but it seems to me like religion masquerading as science to teach my kids stupid shit, like we all just "poofed" into existence one literal day, would be a very good reason for me to side with real science, to cling to it, to defend it. I really have no idea, but it seems to me like it's at least possible that this connection between atheism and science may actually be the result of young earth creationist attempts to hijack science. It is very possible this connection we have with science is a result of the ineptly named Discovery Institute attempting to render science completely useless and fling us into a new dark age where "magic" is the answer to tough problems. To me, that's a very good reason to learn all I can about science in general, to defend it, to trust it and to make it part of who I am.
I've always had an interest in science, but it wasn't until I started hearing logical arguments and scientifically ignorant people misusing what little they know to "prove" their magical ideas that I really got an interest in science, specifically in understanding the sciences they tell me are wrong. Let's face it, Christians lie, all the time. They usually don't know it, or at least don't let themselves know it (except for Jehovah's Witness printed materials. There is no possible way they don't KNOW they are being purposely deceitful), but they tell me things which are blatantly false all the time. My JW friend tells me constantly that the science isn't settled on evolution, that there's a huge debate among scientists right now over whether it's real or not, that many, many scientists want to speak out against it, but there's a huge conspiracy to silence them. If they speak up they will be drummed out of science. None of that is true. I have proved it to him repeatedly. He still keeps telling me it's true. I feel that I need to know a lot about science to even talk to most Christians I know because they are going to be lying to me about science and I need to know enough about it to spot the lies.
So, for me anyway, Christianity made me cling to science and, yes, I do tend to kind of relate it to atheism in my head. "There are no gods" is certainly the more scientific view. There is no evidence to suggest it's true, there is no data to be collected, that is likely because there is nothing to the claims. But it is the supernatural and, thus, inherently not within the realm of scientific inquiry. There are religious scientists. There are religious biologists who wholeheartedly support evolution and there are surely atheists who do not. So while my religious views have nothing whatsoever to do with science the two have become intertwined, not because scientific understanding made me atheist or atheism is the scientific stance, but because I need to know a lot about science to defend my religious views against those who would give me false information in order to confuse me into accepting their religious views. I also tend to look for an ulterior motive whenever a Christian asks me to agree with something which seems innocent enough, because it's usually a trick. An example my JW friend gave me when trying to convince me that we were in the end times, "Wouldn't you agree that the weapons we have today are more powerful than anything throughout history?" The year was, I think, 2014 and my answer was "Yes", but then I thought about it. If the year had been 1702 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 1287 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 973 my answer would have been "Yes". If the year had been 2115 BC my answer would have been "Yes". The answer to that question is ALWAYS "Yes". It will be "Yes" in the year 2525, and again in the year 3712, and again in the year 6314.
The point is, I have to think and think hard when talking to a Christian, especially those of particularly deceptive religions such as the Jehovah's Witness religion. I have to know a lot of things. They are actually trained in deception and psychology, not that they realize that. They think they're just being trained to "answer questions" when in reality they are being trained to trick and deceive. They will ask you on the spot to name a transitional fossil, and you had better have an answer right then and there or an entire lecture starts about how you "put your faith in science", thus beginning the conversation with the evil villain which starts out, "We're not so different, you and I" as he tries to talk you into joining the dark side. If I don't know something when he brings it up then he sounds reasonable because they are trained deceivers who are, themselves, deceived. You can't spot a lie when the liar doesn't know he's lying unless you know the truth already.
To to answer the OP directly, atheism and science really have no correlation, but if I, as an atheist, don't know a LOT about science when talking with the general Christian who is trying to convert me I am going to "learn" things which aren't true and possibly be deceived into abandoning reality for fantasy. So I learn science and I love science. It's not that science is in any way related to atheism, it's that Christianity is synonymous with "bad science" which Christians actively push, doing real damage to the intelligence of our society. Science and atheism aren't the same thing, but without a single exception I can think of right now, belief systems (whether they be religious, economic or political) and bad science are very much the same thing. If I relate belief to bad science it's only natural that I would relate lack of belief to "real" science.
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Side effects may include super powers or enlarged penis which may become permanent with continued use. Stop taking Killatol immediately and consult your doctor if you experience penis enlargement of more than 3 inches, laser vision, superhuman strength, invulnerability, the ability to explode heads with your mind or time travel. Killatoll is not for everyone, especially those who already have convertibles or vehicles of ridiculous size to supplement penis size.