What makes people irrational thinkers?

[Belacqua]

What evidence, that is verifiable, demonstrable and falsifiable, have theists ever offered in support of the existence of a god?

I don't think that metaphysical issues can be settled by such evidence, by definition. You're talking science, but metaphysics is different.

All they seem to do, is point their specific ancient texts, personal testimony, hearsay, and fallacious philosophical arguments.

Personal testimony can be very persuasive. 

Metaphysics only works through philosophical arguments, and if you've judged that all theological arguments are fallacious then it's reasonable for you to reject them.

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Soul and mind have been colloquialized over the centuries. The average person may think of "soul" as some floating vaporous thing that leaves our body when we die. They may never ascribe to it sensations of desire or the capacity of thought as Plato did. Those things they would say are things related to the mind or brain. 

As I wrote before, the Greeks had different views of soul. Some included what we'd call mind, or parts of it, and some not. 

As for the popular image, that no doubt varies a lot as well. If they think the soul can leave the body and still be awake and thinking, then apparently it has sensations and thoughts. Does this theoretical "average person" think that the soul will be aware and awake on Judgment Day, for example? I seem to remember a number of paintings which show the reawakened souls to be very unhappy about going to Hell. 

Jung? He used the word "psyche" in his writings. When I use the word soul (or mind), I basically mean what Jung meant when he used the word "psyche."

Jung was careful to differentiate what he called the psyche (Psyche in his German) from the soul (seele). I suspect he revived the earlier Greek word (with a new meaning) to specify its difference from the more common German seele.

What he called the psyche included the whole set of processes, conscious as well as unconscious. What he called soul was more like personality, or a function complex. It was less than the whole psyche. 

Plato, he agrees with Jung except Plato also thinks the psyche is indestructible, eternal, and can recall things it has learned in previous lives under the right conditions.

Plato had no concept of an unconscious mind. For him, mind is thinking consciously. 

As you say, he did think we might have memories from before we were born which could come to the surface, but there was nothing like the active, ongoing, affective unconscious of Freud or Jung. 

There are hints of an unconscious mind as early as Plotinus, and Paracelsus thought we might be perceiving things which we weren't aware that we were perceiving. But the term was coined in the 19th century by Schelling (Unbewusste), and translated as "unconscious mind" by Coleridge. 

So I'm not sure how Plato's ψυχή resembles Jung's, except in name. They are structured and function entirely differently.