Why Muslims are under rated.

[Cato]

Thank you I knew about the change in Islamic culture, just from observation but I did not know about any of the individuals involved. Does that fit in with what I have been told that there was a reaction to the Mongol and crusader attacks, causing a return to fundamentalism.

Ghengis Khan came after Al Ghazali. The initial crusades commenced when Ghazali was writing so I would agree that they were a potential influence, but I have no proof.

I must vehemently disagree that Al Ghazali returned the observers of Islam to fundamentalism. Al Ghazali's theology gave birth to what we now call Islamic fundamentalism. Prior to Al Ghazali Arabs were at the forefront of scientific discovery; after, there is the sound of crickets. This does not mean that people born into the Muslim faith do not have the ability, only that demonstration of the ability will quickly result in castigation in favor of faith.