My previous list did not include “mental properties are physical processes” because it begs the question. In order for two things be identical (in this case, mind properties=brain processes) both must have all the same properties; i.e. you cannot say something about the first that cannot be said about the second and vice versus. Now consider the following two descriptions of reality: 1) the smell of cookies makes me remember grandma so I write her a “thinking of you” card AND 2) A specific stimulation of olfactory nerves activates certain memory centers leading to complex bodily motions that disperse ink on paper. These statements are not identical. The subject and object of the first sentence refer to qualitative experiences. The subject and object of the second sentence refer to quantitative empirical observations. The claim that “mental properties are physical processes” begs the question, because the question at hand is the relationship between these two distinct parts of reality: mental properties (first-person experiences of sensation, imagination, intention and meaning) and physical processes (third-person measurements and categorizations).
So let’s try this again. The options for describing the causal relationship between mind and body are as follows:
1) Mental properties can influence physical processes and vice versus.
2) Physical processes can influence mental properties, but not the reverse.
3) Mental properties can influence physical processes, but not the reverse.
4) Neither mental properties nor physical processes can influence the other.
5) Only physical processes are real; mental properties are an illusion.
6) Only mental properties are real; physical processes are an illusion.
This list exhausts the possibilities. Choose wisely.
So let’s try this again. The options for describing the causal relationship between mind and body are as follows:
1) Mental properties can influence physical processes and vice versus.
2) Physical processes can influence mental properties, but not the reverse.
3) Mental properties can influence physical processes, but not the reverse.
4) Neither mental properties nor physical processes can influence the other.
5) Only physical processes are real; mental properties are an illusion.
6) Only mental properties are real; physical processes are an illusion.
This list exhausts the possibilities. Choose wisely.