Why believe the bible?

[Huggy Bear]

De Waals CLAIM is ths ANIMALS AREN'T MORAL BEINGS, Got it? You referenced De Waal's research as supporting YOUR CLAIM that animals can be moral, but De Waal's own words state otherwise.

Exactly. I referenced his evidence, not his claim. His research is the evidence. How he interprets that evidence is his claim. This allows other scientists to evaluate both individually. Papers contain both evidence and claims but it is clear which is which and papers also references evidence from other scientists. This is how science works.

A typical scientific paper will have the following structure

• Abstract - A summary of what the paper is about
  
• Introduction - Gives a theoretical grounding of the paper and references other papers in the literature as evidence
  
• The experiment - So that it can be reproduced by others and the readers can evaluate whether the experiment is meaningful or whether there are flaws
  
• Results - This is the evidence.
  
• Discussion or conclusion - This is the claim based on the interpretation of the evidence
  

Honestly the other xtians must be shaking their head wishing you'd shut up.

On a thread discussing how the Bible cannot be both the claim and the evidence, you come in and demonstrate for everyone to see the perfect example of how a xtian just cannot tell the difference. How many times have I tried to explain this to you?

The claim cannot also be the evidence otherwise you end up with circular logic.

I'm beginning to think that xtians truly see both as being the same thing, what with your inability to grasp this simple point and Stevell's blusterings that end up saying exactly what I was but as if it counteracted what I was saying. No wonder xtians just don't understand science.

Before I address this post, point me to the part of De Waals research where you're able to conclude that animals have a sense of morality.