I have to recommend Roger Penrose's The Road To Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe as a guide for your endeavor. He spends much of his preface providing an explanation why he thought the inclusion of the underlying mathematics critical to his book. I also like the organization.
Each chapter has its own notes pages. The bibiliography is 35 pages long. Penrose also includes, where possible, article id's to be used at arXiv.org. arXiv.org: " Open access to 762,411 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance and Statistics"
Each chapter has its own notes pages. The bibiliography is 35 pages long. Penrose also includes, where possible, article id's to be used at arXiv.org. arXiv.org: " Open access to 762,411 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance and Statistics"