Would someone recieving a bionic transplant still be the same person?

[Angrboda]

This question has its classical expression in the Ship of Theseus paradox, and comes up in such diverse environments as philosophy of mind having to do with the self, and Buddhist doctrine in the form of Anatta, or the doctrine of 'no self' which suggests that there is no persistent 'thing' there that could make sense of the idea of self.

"The ship wherein Theseus and the youth of Athens returned [from Crete] had thirty oars, and was preserved by the Athenians down even to the time of Demetrius Phalereus, for they took away the old planks as they decayed, putting in new and stronger timber in their place, insomuch that this ship became a standing example among the philosophers, for the logical question of things that grow; one side holding that the ship remained the same, and the other contending that it was not the same."

— Plutarch, Theseus

The ship of Theseus, also known as Theseus' paradox, is a paradox that raises the question of whether an object which has had all its component parts replaced remains fundamentally the same object. The paradox is most notably recorded by Plutarch in Life of Theseus from the late 1st century. Plutarch asked whether a ship which was restored by replacing all its wooden parts, remained the same ship.

The paradox had been discussed by more ancient philosophers such as Heraclitus, Socrates, and Plato prior to Plutarch's writings; and more recently by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. There are several variants, notably "grandfather's axe", and in the UK "Trigger's Broom". This thought experiment is "a model for the philosophers"; some say, "it remained the same," some saying, "it did not remain the same".

I personally hold that the self does exist and that the paradox has a resolution, but explaining my views would require bringing too much from my own philosophy and neuroscience and such that I think it's best not to go there, to avoid derailing the thread.