"On the third day"
January 14, 2015 at 11:10 pm
(This post was last modified: January 15, 2015 at 12:08 am by Mudhammam.)
Everybody recognizes the influence that Plato had on the development of the first-century mystery cult known later known as Christianity. So, reading Plato's Crito this afternoon, I found this fascinating. Allow me to set the scene; Socrates has been sentenced to death and is waiting in prison, for the execution cannot go forward as there is a festival for Apollos going on, which won't conclude until a ship (with a legendary reputation) returns from the island of Delos, where the sacrifices to the god are performed. Socrates' friend Crito comes to warn him that the ship will return within a day, and is doing everything to convince Socrates not to willing go to his grave. He promises to find a way to get Socrates out of Athens but Socrates refuses, not finding it becoming given all he has taught about philosophy: namely, he has reason to think that in death a philosopher finally discovers wisdom (keep in mind this is Plato's Socrates). So here's then what happens:
Socrates: ...I do not think [the ship] will arrive today.
Crito: What indication have you of this?
Socrates: I will tell you. I must die the day after the ship arrives.
Crito: That is what those in authority say.
Socrates: Then I do not think it will arrive on this coming day, but on the next. I take to witness of this a dream I had a little earlier during this night. It looks as if it was the right time for you not to wake me. [my note: Socrates had been sleeping and Crito didn't wake him)
Crito: What was your dream?
Socrates: I thought that a beautiful and comely woman dressed in white approached me. She called me and said: "Socrates, may you arrive at fertile Phthia on the third day." (emphasis mine)
Regarding "arrive at fertile Phthia on the third day," the commentators add: "A quotation from Iliad ix.363. Achilles has rejected all the presents Agamemnon offered him to get him to return to the battle, and threatens to go home. He says his ships will sail in the morning, and with good weather he might arrive on the third day "in fertile Phthia" (which is his home). The dream means that Socrates' soul, after death, will find its home on the third day (counting, as usual among the Greeks, both the first and the last member of the series)."
Sounds a bit familiar.
There's also that peculiar tale that Pythagoras, according to one report: “If we listen to those who wish to investigate ancient history, it is possible to find them referring this theorem back to Pythagoras and saying that he sacrificed an ox upon its discovery” (426.6). Proclus gives no indication of his source, but a number of other late reports (Diogenes Laertius VIII. 12; Athenaeus 418f; Plutarch, Moralia 1094b) show that it ultimately relied on two lines of verse whose context is unknown: “When Pythagoras found that famous diagram, in honor of which he offered a glorious sacrifice of oxen...”
Or is it just a coincidence?
Socrates: ...I do not think [the ship] will arrive today.
Crito: What indication have you of this?
Socrates: I will tell you. I must die the day after the ship arrives.
Crito: That is what those in authority say.
Socrates: Then I do not think it will arrive on this coming day, but on the next. I take to witness of this a dream I had a little earlier during this night. It looks as if it was the right time for you not to wake me. [my note: Socrates had been sleeping and Crito didn't wake him)
Crito: What was your dream?
Socrates: I thought that a beautiful and comely woman dressed in white approached me. She called me and said: "Socrates, may you arrive at fertile Phthia on the third day." (emphasis mine)
Regarding "arrive at fertile Phthia on the third day," the commentators add: "A quotation from Iliad ix.363. Achilles has rejected all the presents Agamemnon offered him to get him to return to the battle, and threatens to go home. He says his ships will sail in the morning, and with good weather he might arrive on the third day "in fertile Phthia" (which is his home). The dream means that Socrates' soul, after death, will find its home on the third day (counting, as usual among the Greeks, both the first and the last member of the series)."

There's also that peculiar tale that Pythagoras, according to one report: “If we listen to those who wish to investigate ancient history, it is possible to find them referring this theorem back to Pythagoras and saying that he sacrificed an ox upon its discovery” (426.6). Proclus gives no indication of his source, but a number of other late reports (Diogenes Laertius VIII. 12; Athenaeus 418f; Plutarch, Moralia 1094b) show that it ultimately relied on two lines of verse whose context is unknown: “When Pythagoras found that famous diagram, in honor of which he offered a glorious sacrifice of oxen...”
Or is it just a coincidence?
He who loves God cannot endeavour that God should love him in return - Baruch Spinoza