So just to be clear, does each chromosome contain the entire "book" or instructions for the complete genome of a phenotype, or is each chromosome a different "volume" with different "chapters" or "words," that is genes, for specific functions? When the set of chromosomes split, do the 23 chromosomes in the sperm contain 23 replicas of the father's entire genome, or half of it, that is 23 distinct "volumes" for the instructions of some functions?

(February 1, 2014 at 8:55 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote: So just to be clear, does each chromosome contain the entire "book" or instructions for the complete genome of a phenotype, or is each chromosome a different "volume" with different "chapters" or "words," that is genes, for specific functions? When the set of chromosomes split, do the 23 chromosomes in the sperm contain 23 replicas of the father's entire genome, or half of it, that is 23 distinct "volumes" for the instructions of some functions?

Genome is 46 chromosomes for humans. Genes are scattered across all chromosomes. During meiosis, Chromosomes replicate and then split into 2 cells of 46 chromosomes each. They then split again into 4 cells of 23 chromosomes each. This is what happens during spermatogenesis. So you end up with 23 chromosomes in each sperm, half of the dad's genome.

As for "same functions", 46 chromosomes belong to 23 homologous pairs. Which means they have pairs that are not identical but function in the same capacity. One of each pair will form the 23 chromosomes in sperms.

(February 1, 2014 at 9:15 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 8:55 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote: So just to be clear, does each chromosome contain the entire "book" or instructions for the complete genome of a phenotype, or is each chromosome a different "volume" with different "chapters" or "words," that is genes, for specific functions? When the set of chromosomes split, do the 23 chromosomes in the sperm contain 23 replicas of the father's entire genome, or half of it, that is 23 distinct "volumes" for the instructions of some functions?

Genome is 46 chromosomes for humans. Genes are scattered across all chromosomes. During meiosis, Chromosomes replicate and then split into 2 cells of 46 chromosomes each. They then split again into 4 cells of 23 chromosomes each. This is what happens during spermatogenesis. So you end up with 23 chromosomes in each sperm, half of the dad's genome.

As for "same functions", 46 chromosomes belong to 23 homologous pairs. Which means they have pairs that are not identical but function in the same capacity. One of each pair will form the 23 chromosomes in sperms.

Ah, gotcha. In spermatogenesis, is it random which genes will end up in the 23 chromosomes? Or are they selected for some reason? Also, during this process, is there any difference in the progeneration of regulatory genes as opposed to specialized genes?

(February 1, 2014 at 9:25 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:15 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote: Genome is 46 chromosomes for humans. Genes are scattered across all chromosomes. During meiosis, Chromosomes replicate and then split into 2 cells of 46 chromosomes each. They then split again into 4 cells of 23 chromosomes each. This is what happens during spermatogenesis. So you end up with 23 chromosomes in each sperm, half of the dad's genome.

As for "same functions", 46 chromosomes belong to 23 homologous pairs. Which means they have pairs that are not identical but function in the same capacity. One of each pair will form the 23 chromosomes in sperms.

Ah, gotcha. In spermatogenesis, is it random which genes will end up in the 23 chromosomes? Or are they selected for some reason? Also, during this process, is there a different process for regulatory genes as opposed to specialized genes?

They all end up in the 23 chromosomes you have more than 1 sperm I assume? Basically 4 sperms per meiosis, so to speak. Chromosomes are sequestered into each sperm as a whole, so whatever gene is on it goes with it. Each chromosome has loads of genes, we still do not know all of their functions.

What do you mean by regulatory and specialized genes?

(February 1, 2014 at 9:31 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:25 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote: Ah, gotcha. In spermatogenesis, is it random which genes will end up in the 23 chromosomes? Or are they selected for some reason? Also, during this process, is there a different process for regulatory genes as opposed to specialized genes?

They all end up in the 23 chromosomes you have more than 1 sperm I assume? Basically 4 sperms per meiosis, so to speak. Chromosomes are sequestered into each sperm as a whole, so whatever gene is on it goes with it. Each chromosome has loads of genes, we still do not know all of their functions.

What do you mean by regulatory and specialized genes?

Oh I see.
By regulatory genes I mean a gene "involved in controlling the expression of one or more other gene," like hox or pax genes. These are the genes that make all mammals vertebrates, with four limbs, two eyes, etc.
And specialized genes would include features like eye color, hair color, fitness, etc.

(February 1, 2014 at 9:37 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:31 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote: They all end up in the 23 chromosomes you have more than 1 sperm I assume? Basically 4 sperms per meiosis, so to speak. Chromosomes are sequestered into each sperm as a whole, so whatever gene is on it goes with it. Each chromosome has loads of genes, we still do not know all of their functions.

What do you mean by regulatory and specialized genes?

Oh I see.
By regulatory genes I mean a gene "involved in controlling the expression of one or more other gene," like hox or pax genes. These are the genes that make all mammals vertebrates, with four limbs, two eyes, etc.
And specialized genes would include features like eye color, hair color, fitness, etc.

Oh alright. Yea it depends on what chromosomes they're on. Best to look at classifications as just a way human organize stuff instead of an actual manifestation of reality, it's often not a dichotomy but a mixture of everything because biology is a really messy science.

(February 1, 2014 at 9:42 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:37 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote: Oh I see.
By regulatory genes I mean a gene "involved in controlling the expression of one or more other gene," like hox or pax genes. These are the genes that make all mammals vertebrates, with four limbs, two eyes, etc.
And specialized genes would include features like eye color, hair color, fitness, etc.

Oh alright. Yea it depends on what chromosomes they're on. Best to look at classifications as just a way human organize stuff instead of an actual manifestation of reality, it's often not a dichotomy but a mixture of everything because biology is a really messy science.

Thanks! Yeah I'm finding out that whatever spectrum of the sciences I try to learn about, from the very small to thevery big, it is pretty messy! You could probably make some very informative YouTube videos for those of us trying to come up self-taught.

(February 1, 2014 at 9:45 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:42 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote: Oh alright. Yea it depends on what chromosomes they're on. Best to look at classifications as just a way human organize stuff instead of an actual manifestation of reality, it's often not a dichotomy but a mixture of everything because biology is a really messy science.

Thanks! Yeah I'm finding out that whatever spectrum of the sciences I try to learn about, from the very small to thevery big, it is pretty messy! You could probably make some very informative YouTube videos for those of us trying to come up self-taught.

Youtube has everything these days, from cats to quantum mechanics, lol.

You sound like you're big on free and self taught education, have you tried those free interactive online courses that are offered by universities? If you pay they give you a cert at the end. I was thinking of taking some courses in physics when I get some free time. If you've tried them, are they any good?

(February 1, 2014 at 9:53 pm)pineapplebunnybounce Wrote:

(February 1, 2014 at 9:45 pm)Pickup_shonuff Wrote: Thanks! Yeah I'm finding out that whatever spectrum of the sciences I try to learn about, from the very small to thevery big, it is pretty messy! You could probably make some very informative YouTube videos for those of us trying to come up self-taught.

Youtube has everything these days, from cats to quantum mechanics, lol.

You sound like you're big on free and self taught education, have you tried those free interactive online courses that are offered by universities? If you pay they give you a cert at the end. I was thinking of taking some courses in physics when I get some free time. If you've tried them, are they any good?

I have not. Sounds like something I should look into though...