Atheists, what are the most convincing theist arguments you heard of?

[SuperSentient]

I'm only dealing with your first paragraph here. The main problem with the uncaused causer and all allied arguments is that they all posit a being which violates a rule they say is universal. The uncaused causer goes, all things are created>therefore they must have a creator>go far back enough and you will find a thing that has no creator>god exists QED.

As you can see, clause three violates clause one, either god had a creator (which leads to the turtle problem) or it is not necessary for everything to have a creator (thus negating the chain as proof for god). Every argument along that strain in the monotheistic theologies has that fatal flaw.

They determine this creator independent of any assumption regarding God's existence. God is eternal according to theists but the universe is not, but its creator must be eternal (since it is timeless and cannot have infinite chain of causes).