Isn’t pantheism the same thing as atheism?

[Angrboda]

Axial Age (also Axis Age, from German: Achsenzeit) is a term coined by German philosopher Karl Jaspers in the sense of a "pivotal age", characterizing the period of ancient history from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE.

During this period, according to Jaspers' concept, new ways of thinking appeared in Persia, India, China and the Greco-Roman world in religion and philosophy, in a striking parallel development, without any obvious direct cultural contact between all of the participating Eurasian cultures. Jaspers identified key thinkers from this age who had a profound influence on future philosophies and religions, and identified characteristics common to each area from which those thinkers emerged.

Many have questioned whether the 'axial age' is a legitimate category of history. Critics posit that there is no demonstrable common denominator between the intellectual developments alleged to have developed in unison across ancient Judah, Greece, India, and China. Despite positing this as the pertinent period of the ushering in of new forms of thought, critics say that pivotal figures from other areas are ignored including Jesus, Muhammad, Zarathustra, Akhenaten, and others. Even with the four aforementioned regions, significant continuity exists in the 'preaxial' and 'postaxial' periods, contra proponents of the axial age who posit that it represented a period of radial discontinuity. Finally, what represents 'axial' in contrast to what doesn't and how these ideas manifest across specific thinkers is far from clear.

Wikipedia || Axial Age