Take into consideration what we know and can do: Justice, in my eyes as an atheist, may only be carried out while we are mortally alive. Thus it must be carried out by humans, IE humans must punish our fellow humans for wrong doings and negative actions. Humans are very flawed, thus has our sense of justice and punishment is flawed. Over time our society has made justice and consequense severly biased. It is for this reason that I believe our civilization's justice system excists primarily to prevent wrong doings through inimidantion and secondarily to punish. It's effective, yet not as effective as it could be.
You can't ignore the people who disagree and pretend it makes you right.