There are a number of situations in the Bible where people were healed of sickness or other ailments (paralysis, blindness) without mention of demonic possession, so at the least they understood that a person could be ill and not demon-possessed. There are one or two incidents where demonic possession IS the ailment (the man who hosted the demons who named themselves Legion, for example), and at least one where it can be implied that the demonic possession is the cause of the ailments (the man who begins to speak after an exorcism).
I think that they understood that a person could suffer from disease or other impediments without demonic involvement, and that there were some ailments that they attributed to demonic possession. That they described exorcism separately from "healing the sick" indicates that they at least perceived that demons weren't floating around and sprinkling people with flu dust. But it's not a stretch to imagine that seizures or mental illness were frequently diagnosed as the direct work of evil spirits.
I think that they understood that a person could suffer from disease or other impediments without demonic involvement, and that there were some ailments that they attributed to demonic possession. That they described exorcism separately from "healing the sick" indicates that they at least perceived that demons weren't floating around and sprinkling people with flu dust. But it's not a stretch to imagine that seizures or mental illness were frequently diagnosed as the direct work of evil spirits.
"Well, evolution is a theory. It is also a fact. And facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world's data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts don't go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them. Einstein's theory of gravitation replaced Newton's in this century, but apples didn't suspend themselves in midair, pending the outcome. And humans evolved from ape- like ancestors whether they did so by Darwin's proposed mechanism or by some other yet to be discovered."
-Stephen Jay Gould
-Stephen Jay Gould