No the concept of atheism didn't exist until someone thought it up. But that's different to atheism itself. Atheism itself is the absence of belief in Gods... and when the big bang started there was an absence of belief in gods, there was no "theism". It would make no sense to label anything as "atheist" unless it was a living being.... but since atheism is just the absence of belief in God, that existed before there were any atheists to give the label around.
Just as there were no bicycle riders before bicycles or people existed... there was no theism or belief in God before there were any people, animals, or anything living or non-living at all
Just as there were no bicycle riders before bicycles or people existed... there was no theism or belief in God before there were any people, animals, or anything living or non-living at all